Ontology

[Aguado et al., 1998]
 
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G. Aguado and A. Bañón and John A. Bateman and S. Bernardos and M. Fernández and A. Gómez-Pérez and E. Nieto and A. Olalla and R. Plaza and A. Sánchez (1998).
ONTOGENERATION: Reusing domain and linguistic ontologies for Spanish text generation.
In: Proceedings of the ECAI'98 Workshop on Applications of Ontologies and Problem Solving Methods. Brighton, U.K.. Published by European Conference on Artificial Intelligence.
[Alexa et al., 2002]
 
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Melina Alexa and Bernd Kreissig and Martina Liepert and Klaus Reichenberger and Lothar Rostek and Karin Rautmann and Werner Scholz-Stubenrecht and Sabina Stoye (2002).
The DUDEN ontology.
In: Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC'2002). Las Palmas. Published by European Language Resources Association (ELRA).
[Andersen and Peterson, 2001]
 
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W. Andersen and B. Peterson (2001).
An Ontology of Modern Military Organizations and their Structure.
In: Working Notes of the IJCAI-2001 Workshop on the IEEE Standard Upper Ontology.
[Angelova, 2000]
 
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Galia Angelova (2000).
Ontologies for Natural Language Processing Applications.
In: Proceedings of OntoLex'2000 - Workshop on Ontologies and Lexical Knowledge Bases. Sozopol, Bulgaria, pp. 1--15.
[Arprez et al., 2001]
 
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J. C. Arprez and O. Corcho and M. Fernandez-Lopez and A. Gomez-Perez (2001).
WebODE: a scalable workbench for ontological engineering.
In: Proceedings of the First International Conference on Knowledge Capture (K-CAP). Victoria, B.C., Canada.
[Bateman et al., 1994]
 
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John A. Bateman and Bernando Magnini and Fabio Rinaldi (1994).
The Generalized\\footnotesize \em Italian,German,English\ Upper Model.
In: Proceedings of the ECAI94 Workshop: Comparison of Implemented Ontologies. Amsterdam.
[Bateman, 1989]
 
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John A. Bateman (1989).
Upper Modelling for Machine Translation: a level of abstraction for preserving meaning.
Technical Report Nr. EUROTRA-D Working Papers, No. 12. Institut für Angewandte Informationsforschung, Saarbrücken, Germany.
[Bateman, 1990]
 
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John A. Bateman (1990).
Upper Modeling: organizing knowledge for natural language processing.
In: Proceedings of the Fifth International Natural Language Generation Workshop. Pittsburgh, PA., pp. 54--60. Organized by Kathleen R. McKeown (Columbia University), Johanna D. Moore (University of Pittsburgh) and Sergei Nirenburg (Carnegie Mellon University). Held 3-6 June 1990, Dawson, PA..
[Bateman, 1990]
 
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John A. Bateman (1990).
Upper Modeling: current states of theory and practise.
Marina del Rey, CA. PENMAN Development Note, USC/Information Sciences Institute.
[Bateman, 1992]
 
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John A. Bateman (1992).
The theoretical status of ontologies in natural language processing.
In: Susanne Preuß\ and Birte Schmitz (eds.), Text Representation and Domain Modelling -- ideas from linguistics and AI. Berlin, Germany, pp. 50--99. Published by KIT-Report 97, Technische Universität Berlin. (Papers from KIT-FAST Workshop, Technical University Berlin, October 9th - 11th 1991). Also available from the Computation and Language E-print archive: cmp-lg/9704010..
[Bateman, 1993]
 
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John A. Bateman (1993).
Ontology construction and natural language.
In: Proceedings of the International Workshop on Formal Ontology. Padova, Italy, pp. 83--93. Published by LABSEB-CNR. LADSEB-CNR Internal Report 01/93; edited by: N. Guarino and R. Poli.
[Bateman, 1993]
 
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John A. Bateman (1993).
Review Article: Ontologie und Axiomatik der Wissensbasis von LILOG (Klose, Lang, Pirlein eds.).
In: Computational Linguistics, 19(3):539--543.
[Bateman, 1995]
 
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John A. Bateman (1995).
On the relationship between ontology construction and natural language: a socio-semiotic view.
In: International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 43:929--944.
[Bechhofer et al., 2001]
 
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S. Bechhofer and I. Horrocks and C. Goble and R. Stevens (2001).
OilEd: A reason-able ontology editor for the semantic web.
In: KI-2001: Advances in Artificial Intelligence. Volume 2174 of LNAI. pp. 396--408. Springer.
[Bittner and Smith, 2001]
 
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Thomas Bittner and Barry Smith (2001).
A Taxonomy of Granular Partitions.
In: Proceedings of the Conference on Spatial Information Theory - COSIT 2001. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. pp. 28--43. Springer-Verlag, Berlin-Heidelberg.
[Bittner, forthcoming]
 
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Thomas Bittner (forthcoming).
Indeterminacy and Rough Approximation.
In: 16th International FLAIRS Conference. Published by AAAI Press.
[Bittner, 2002]
 
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Thomas Bittner (2002).
Approximate qualitative temporal reasoning.
35(1-2).
[Bittner, 2002]
 
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Thomas Bittner (2002).
Granularity in Reference to Spatio-Temporal Location and Relations.
In: 15th International FLAIRS Conference 2002.
[Bittner, 2002]
 
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Thomas Bittner (2002).
Reasoning about Qualitative Spatio-Temporal Relations at Multiple Levels of Granularity.
In: F. van Harmelen (ed.), Proceedings of the 15th European Conference on Artificial Intelligence -- ECAI 2002. Amsterdam. Published by IOS Press.
[Bittner, 2002]
 
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Thomas Bittner (2002).
Judgments about Spatio-Temporal Relations.
In: KR 2002 -- 8th International Conference on Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning.
[Bittner and Smith, forthcoming]
 
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Thomas Bittner and Barry Smith (forthcoming).
Vague Reference and Approximating Judgements.
In: Spatial Cognition and Computation.
[Bittner and Smith, 2001]
 
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Thomas Bittner and Barry Smith (2001).
Vagueness and Granular Partitions.
In: Proceedings of the Conference on Formal Ontology in Information Systems -- FOIS2001. pp. 309--321. Published by Sheridan Press.
[Bittner and Smith, 2003]
 
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Thomas Bittner and Barry Smith (2003).
Granular Spatio-Temporal Ontologies.
In: 2003 AAAI Symposium: Foundations and Applications of Spatio-Temporal Reasoning (FASTR).
[Bittner and Smith, 2003]
 
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Thomas Bittner and Barry Smith (2003).
A Theory of Granular Partitions.
In: Matthew Duckham and Michael F. Goodchild and Michael F. Worboys (eds.), Foundations of Geographic Information Science. pp. 117--151. Taylor and Francis, London.
[Bittner and Stell, 2002]
 
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Thomas Bittner and John G. Stell (2002).
Approximate qualitative spatial reasoning.
In: Spatial Cognition and Computation, 2(4):435--466.
[Bittner and Stell, 2002]
 
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Thomas Bittner and John G. Stell (2002).
Vagueness and Rough Location.
In: Geoinformatica, 6:99--121.
[Bittner and Stell, forthcoming]
 
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Thomas Bittner and John G. Stell (forthcoming).
Stratified Rough Sets and Vagueness.
In: Proceedings of COSIT 2003.
[Buitelaar, 2000]
 
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Paul Buitelaar (2000).
Semantic Lexicons: Between Terminology and Ontology.
In: Proceedings of OntoLex'2000 - Workshop on Ontologies and Lexical Knowledge Bases. Sozopol, Bulgaria, pp. 16--24.
[Burners-Lee et al., 2001]
 
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T. Burners-Lee and J. Hendler and O. Lassila (2001).
The semantic web.
In: Scientific American, 284(5).
[Calvanese and others, 1998]
 
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Calvanese and others (1998).
Semi-structured data with constraints and incomplete information.
In: Enrico Franconi and Giuseppe De Giacomo and Robert M. MacGregor and Werner Nutt and Christopher Welty (eds.), Proceedings of the 1998 International Workshop on Description Logics (DL'98). IRST, Povo-Trento, Italy.
[Campbell and Shapiro, 1995]
 
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A. E. Campbell and S. C. Shapiro (1995).
Ontological mediation: an overview.
In: Proceedings of the IJCAI Workshop on basic ontological issues in knowledge sharing. Menlo Park, California. Published by AAAI Press.
[Casati and Varzi, 1999]
 
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R. Casati and A. Varzi (1999).
Parts and places: the structures of spatial representation.
MIT Press, Cambridge, MA and London.
[Ceusters et al., 2003]
 
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Werner Ceusters and Barry Smith and Jim Flanagan (2003).
Ontology and Medical Terminology: Why Description Logics Are Not Enough.
In: Proceedings of TEPR 2003 - Towards an Electronic Patient Record. San Antonio, Texas.
[Ceusters et al., 2003]
 
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Werner Ceusters and Ignace Desimpel and Barry Smith and Stefan Schulz (2003).
Underspecification in Formal Ontologies.
In: Medical Informatics Europe 2003. pp. 391--396. IOS Press, Amsterdam.
[Chrudzimski and Smith, forthcoming]
 
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Arkadiusz Chrudzimski and Barry Smith (forthcoming).
Brentano's Ontology.
In: Dale Jacquette (ed.), The Cambridge Companion to Brentano. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
[Cohnitz and Smith, forthcoming]
 
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Daniel Cohnitz and Barry Smith (forthcoming).
Assessing Ontologies: The Question of Human Origins and Its Ethical Significance.
In: C. Kanzian and E. Runggaldier (eds.), Persons: An Interdisciplinary Approach. Vienna.
[Donnelly, 2003]
 
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Maureen Donnelly (2003).
Layered Mereotopology.
In: IJCAI 2003 -- Eighteenth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence.
[Donnelly and Smith, 2003]
 
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Maureen Donnelly and Barry Smith (2003).
Layers: A New Approach to Locating Objects in Space.
In: W. Kuhn and M. F. Worboys and S. Timpf (eds.), Spatial Information Theory: Foundations of Geographic Information Science. Volume 2825 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science. pp. 50--65. Springer, Berlin.
[Farquhar et al., 1996]
 
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A. Farquhar and R. Fikes and J. Rice (1996).
The Ontolingua server: a tool for collaborative ontology construction.
In: Proceedings of the 10th Banff Knowledge Acquisition for Knowledge Based Systems Workshop (KAW95). Banff, Canada.
[Farrar et al., 2002]
 
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Scott Farrar and William D. Lewis and D. Terence Langendoen (2002).
A common ontology for linguistic concepts.
In: Proceedings of the Knowledge Technologies Conference. Seattle.
[Fawcett, 1994]
 
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Robin P. Fawcett (1994).
On moving on ontologies mass, count and long thin things.
In: Proceedings of the Seventh International Workshop on Natural Language Generation, Kennebunkport, Maine, USA, June 21-24, 1994. Kennebunkport, Maine, USA.
[Fensel et al., 2000]
 
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D. Fensel and I. Horrocks and F. Van Harmelen and S. Decker and M. Erdmann and M. Klein (2000).
OIL in a nutshell.
In: R. Dieng (ed.), Proceedings of the 12th. European Workshop on Knowledge Acquisition, Modeling and Management (EKAW-00). Volume 1937 of Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence. Springer-Verlag.
[Fikes and McGuinness, 2001]
 
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Richard Fikes and Deborah L. McGuinness (2001).
An Axiomatic Semantics for RDF, RDF Schema, and DAML+OIL.
KSL Technical Report Nr. KSL-01-01. Stanford University.
[Flett et al., 2002]
 
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A. Flett and M. Casella Dos Santos and W. Ceusters (2002).
Some ontology engineering processes and their supporting technologies.
In: A. Gomez-Perez and V. R. Benjamins (eds.), Ontologies and the Semantic Web. pp. 154--165. Springer, Berlin.
[Frank, 2001]
 
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Andrew U. Frank (2001).
Tiers of ontology and consistency constraints in geographical information systems.
In: International Journal of Geographical Information Science, 15(7):667--678.
[Frank, 1997]
 
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Andrew U. Frank (1997).
Spatial ontology: a geographical information point of view.
In: Oliviero Stock (ed.), Spatial and temporal reasoning. pp. 135--153. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht.
[Bateman et al., 1995]
 
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John A. Bateman and Renate Henschel and Fabio Rinaldi (1995).
Generalized Upper Model 2.0: documentation.
Technical Report. GMD/Institut für Integrierte Publikations- und Informationssysteme, Darmstadt, Germany.
[del Socorro Bernados Galindo and de Ceo, 2001]
 
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Maria del Socorro Bernados Galindo and Guadalupe Aguado de Ceo (2001).
Adapting the Generalized Upper Model to Spanish.
In: Galia Angelova and Kalina Bontcheva and Ruslan Mitkov and Nicolas Nicolov and Nikolai Nikolov (eds.), Proceedings of the Euroconference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing (RANLP-2001). Tzigov, Bulgaria, pp. 103--107.
[Gangemi et al., 2002]
 
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Aldo Gangemi and Nicola Guarino and Claudio Masolo and Alessandro Oltramari (2002).
Restructuring WordNet's top-level.
In: AI magazine, .
[Gangemi et al., 2002]
 
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A. Gangemi and N. Guarino and A. Oltramari and S. Borgo (2002).
Cleaning-up WordNet's top-level.
In: Proceedings of the 1st International WordNet Conference.
[Gangemi et al., 2002]
 
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A. Gangemi and N. Guarino and A. Oltramari and L. Schneider (2002).
Sweetening ontologies with DOLCE.
In: Proceedings of EKAW 2002. Siguenza, Spain.
[Geneserith, 1991]
 
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M. Geneserith (1991).
Knowledge Interchange Format.
In: J. Allen (ed.), Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on the Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning (KR-91). pp. 238--249. Published by Morgan Kaufman.
[Geneserith and Fikes, 1992]
 
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M. Geneserith and R. Fikes (1992).
Knowledge interchange format, version 3.0. Reference manual.
Computer Science Department, Technical Report Nr. Logic 92-1. Stanford University.
[Grenon, 2003]
 
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Pierre Grenon (2003).
Tucking RCC in Cyc's Ontological Bed.
In: IJCAI-03 -- Eighteenth International Joint Conference in Artificial Intelligence.
[Grenon, 2003]
 
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Pierre Grenon (2003).
Knowledge Management from the Ontological Standpoint.
In: Workshop on Knowledge Management and Philosophy: WM 2003 -- 2nd Konferenz Professionelles Wissensmanagement - Erfahrungen und Visionen.
[Grenon, 2003]
 
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Pierre Grenon (2003).
The Formal Ontology of Spatio-Temporal Reality and its Formalization.
In: 2003 AAAI Spring Symposium on the Foundations and Applications of Spatio-Temporal Reasoning. Technical Report Series. pp. 27--34. Published by AAAI.
[Grenon and Smith, forthcoming]
 
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Pierre Grenon and Barry Smith (forthcoming).
SNAP and SPAN: Prolegomenon to Geodynamic Ontology.
In: Spatial Cognition and Computation.
[Stede and Stede, 1999]
 
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Brigitte Stede and Manfred Stede (1999).
Ontology and lexical semantics for generating temporal discourse markers.
In: P. Saint-Dizier (ed.), Proceedings of the 7th. European Workshop on Natural Language Generation (EWNLG'99). Toulouse, pp. 10--19.
[Gruber, 1993]
 
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T. R. Gruber (1993).
A translation approach to portable ontology specifications.
In: Knowledge Acquisition, 5(2):199--220.
[Gruber, 1993]
 
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T. R. Gruber (1993).
A translation approach to portable ontology specifications.
Technical Report Nr. KSL 92-71. Computer Science Department, Stanford University, California.
[Gruninger and Lee, 2002]
 
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Michael Gruninger and Jintae Lee (2002).
Ontology: applications and design.
In: Communications of the ACM, 45(2):39--41.
[Guarino, 1994]
 
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Nicola Guarino (1994).
The Ontological Level.
In: R. Casati and B. Smith and G. White (eds.), Philosophy and the Cognitive Sciences. Hölder-Pichler-Tempsky, Vienna.
[Guarino and Poli, 1994]
 
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N. Guarino and R. Poli (eds.) (1994).
Formal ontology in conceptual analysis and knowledge representation.
Kluwer Academic Press, Dordrecht.
[Guarino and Poli, 1995]
 
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Nicola Guarino and Roberto Poli (1995).
The role of formal ontology in the information technology.
In: International Journal of Human and Computer Studies, 43:623--624.
[Guarino and Welty, 2002]
 
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Nicola Guarino and Christopher Welty (2002).
Evaluating ontological decisions with OntoClean.
In: Communications of the ACM, 45(2):61--65.
[Hahn et al., 1999]
 
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U. Hahn and S. Schulz and M. Romacker (1999).
Part-whole reasoning: A case study in medical ontology engineering.
In: IEEE Intelligent Systems, 14(5):59--67.
[Hayes, 2002]
 
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Patrick Hayes (2002).
RDF Model Theory.
Technical Report. W3C. W3C Working Draft.
[Hayes, 1985]
 
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Patrick J. Hayes (1985).
Native physics I: ontology for liquids.
In: Jerry R. Hobbs and R. C. Moore (eds.), Formal theories of the commonsense world. pp. 71--108. Ablex Publishing Corporation, New Jersey.
[Hayes and Menzel, 2001]
 
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Patrick Hayes and Christopher Menzel (2001).
A semantics for the Knowledge Interchange Format.
In: Proceedings of the IJCAI 2001 Workshop on the IEEE Standard Upper Ontology. Seattle, Washington. International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence.
[Heflin and Hendler, 2000]
 
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Jeff Heflin and James Hendler (2000).
Dynamic ontologies on the web.
In: Proceedings of the Seventeenth National Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-2000). Menlo Park, California. Published by AAAI/MIT Press.
[Hendler, 2001]
 
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James Hendler (2001).
Agents and the semantic web.
In: IEEE Intelligent Systems Journal, 16(2).
[Henschel, 1992]
 
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Renate Henschel (1992).
A proposal for merging the English and German Upper Models.
Technical Report. GMD/Institut für Integrierte Publikations- und Informationssysteme, Darmstadt, West Germany, Darmstadt, Germany.
[Henschel, 1993]
 
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Renate Henschel (1993).
Merging the English and the German Upper Model.
Technical Report. GMD/Institut für Integrierte Publikations- und Informationssysteme, Darmstadt, Germany. Appears as: \em Arbeitspapiere der GMD, \bf 848, June 1994. GMD, Sankt Augustin..
[Henschel and Bateman, 1994]
 
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Renate Henschel and John A. Bateman (1994).
The merged upper model: a linguistic ontology for German and English.
In: Proceedings of COLING '94. Kyoto, Japan.
[Hobbs, 1985]
 
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Jerry R. Hobbs (1985).
Ontological promiscuity.
In: Proceedings of the 23rd annual meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics. Chicago, Illinois, pp. 61--69. Published by Association for Computational Linguistics.
[Horacek, 1989]
 
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Helmut Horacek (1989).
Towards principles of ontology.
In: D. Metzing (ed.), Proceedings of the German Workshop on Artificial Intelligence: GWAI89. pp. 323--330. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York.
[Hornsby and Egenhofer, 2000]
 
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K. Hornsby and M. Egenhofer (2000).
Identity-based change: a foundation for spatio-temporal knowledge representation.
In: International Journal of Geographical Information Science, 14(3):207--224.
[Horrocks, 2002]
 
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Ian Horrocks (2002).
DAML+OIL: a Reason-able web ontology language.
In: Christian S. Jensen and Keith G. Jeffery and Jaroslav Pokorný and Simonas Saltenis and Elisa Bertino and Klemens Böhm and Matthias Jarke (eds.), Proceedings of the Advances in Database Technology - EDBT 2002, 8th International Conference on Extending Database Technology, Prague, Czech Republic, March 25-27. Volume 2287 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Published by Springer.
[Horrocks and Hendler, 2002]
 
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Ian Horrocks and James A. Hendler (eds.) (2002).
The Semantic Web - ISWC 2002, First International Semantic Web Conference, Sardinia, Italy, June 9-12, 2002, Proceedings.
Volume 2342 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Published by Springer.
[Horrocks and Patel-Schneider, 1998]
 
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Ian Horrocks and Peter F. Patel-Schneider (1998).
DL systems comparison.
In: Enrico Franconi and Giuseppe De Giacomo and Robert M. MacGregor and Werner Nutt and Christopher Welty (eds.), Proceedings of the 1998 International Workshop on Description Logics (DL'98). IRST, Povo-Trento, Italy.
[Horrocks and Tessaris, 2002]
 
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Ian Horrocks and Sergio Tessaris (2002).
Querying the semantic web: a formal approach.
In: Proceedings of the International Semantic Web Conference 2002. Chia, Sardinia, Italy, pp. 177--191.
[Hovy, 1997]
 
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Eduard Hovy (1997).
A standard for large ontologies.
Technical Report. USC/Information Sciences Institute.
[Hovy and Knight, 1993]
 
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Eduard H. Hovy and Kevin Knight (1993).
Motivating shared knowledge resources: an example from the Pangloss collaboration.
In: Proceedings of IJCAI Workshop on Knowledge Sharing and Information Interchange. International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence.
[Jing et al., 2000]
 
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Hongyan Jing and Yael Dahan Netzer and Michael Elhadad and Kathleen R. McKeown (2000).
Integrating a large-scale, reusable lexicon with a natural language generator.
In: Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Natural Language Generation. Mitzpe Ramon, Israel, pp. 209--216.
[Jing and McKeown, 1998]
 
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Hongyan Jing and Kathleen R. McKeown (1998).
Combining multiple, large-scale resources in a reusable lexicon for natural language generation.
In: Proceedings of the ACL/COLING-98. Montreal, Quebec.
[Johansson, forthcoming]
 
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Ingvar Johansson (forthcoming).
Functions, Function Concepts, and Scales.
In: The Monist, .
[Johansson, forthcoming]
 
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Ingvar Johansson (forthcoming).
Performatives and Antiperformatives.
In: Linguistics and Philosophy, .
[Bateman et al., 1995]
 
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John A. Bateman and Bernardo Magnini and Giovanni Fabris (1995).
The Generalized Upper Model Knowledge Base: Organization and Use.
In: N. J. I. Mars (ed.), Towards very large knowledge bases: knowledge building and knowledge sharing. Amsterdam, pp. 60--72. Published by IOS Press.
[Kent, 2001]
 
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R. Kent (2001).
A KIF formalization for the IFF category theory ontology.
In: Working Notes of the IJCAI-2001 Workshop on the IEEE Standard Upper Ontology.
[Kent, 2000]
 
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Robert E. Kent (2000).
The information flow foundation for conceptual knowledge organization.
In: Proceedings of the 6th. international conference of the international society for knowledge organization (ISKO). Toronto, Canada.
[Kent, 2002]
 
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Robert E. Kent (2002).
The Information Flow Foundation (IFF) Ontology.
IEEE SUO report Nr. Version 2002-01-02. IEEE, Standard Upper Ontology Working Group.
[Kim, 2002]
 
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Henry Kim (2002).
Predicting how ontologies for the semantic web will evolve.
In: Communications of the ACM, 45(2):48--54.
[Kiryakov et al., 2001]
 
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Atanas Kiryakov and Kiril Simov and Marin Dimitrov (2001).
OntoMap: ontologies for lexical semantics.
In: Galia Angelova and Kalina Bontcheva and Ruslan Mitkov and Nicolas Nicolov and Nikolai Nikolov (eds.), Proceedings of the Euroconference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing (RANLP-2001). Tzigov, Bulgaria, pp. 142--148.
[Kiryakov and Simov, 2000]
 
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Atanas Kiryakov and Kiril Iv. Simov (2000).
A comparison between Upper Cyc Ontology and EuroWordnet Top Ontology.
In: Proceedings of OntoLex'2000 - Workshop on Ontologies and Lexical Knowledge Bases. Sozopol, Bulgaria.
[Kiryakov and Simov, 2000]
 
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Atanas Kiryakov and Kiril Iv. Simov (2000).
Mapping of EuroWordnet Top Ontology to Upper Cyc Ontology.
In: Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Knowledge Engineering and Knowledge Management (EKAW'2000): Workshop on Ontologies and Texts. Juan-les-Pins, French Riviera, pp. 93--105.
[Klettke et al., 2001]
 
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Meike Klettke and Mathias Bietz and Ilvio Bruder and Andreas Heuer and Denny Priebe and Günter Neumann and Markus Becker and Jochen Bedersdorfer and Hans Uszkoreit and Alexander Maedche and Steffen Staab and Rudi Studer (2001).
GETESS - Ontologien, Objektrelationale Datenbanken und Textanalyse als Bausteine einer Semantischen Suchmaschine.
In: Datenbank Spektrum, 1:1--10.
[Kokla and Kavouros, 2001]
 
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Margarita Kokla and Marinos Kavouros (2001).
Fusion of top-level and geographical domain ontologies based on context formation and complementarity.
In: International Journal of Geographical Information Science, 15(7):679--687.
[Kuhn, 2001]
 
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Werner Kuhn (2001).
Ontologies in support of activities in geographical space.
In: International Journal of Geographical Information Science, 15(7):679--687.
[Kumar and Smith, 2003]
 
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Anand Kumar and Barry Smith (2003).
Ontology for Task-Based Clinical Guidelines.
In: AMIE 2003 -- 9th Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Medicine Europe.
[Kumar and Smith, 2003]
 
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Anand Kumar and Barry Smith (2003).
The Universal Medical Language System and the Gene Ontology: Some Critical Reflections.
In: KI 2003 -- 26th German Conference on Artificial Intelligence.
[Lang, 1991]
 
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Ewald Lang (1991).
The LILOG ontology from a linguistic point of view.
In: O. Herzog and C.-R. Rollinger (eds.), Text understanding in LILOG: integrating computational linguistics and artificial intelligence, Final report on the IBM Germany LILOG-Project. pp. 464--481. Springer, Berlin. Lecture notes in artificial intelligence, 546..
[Lenat, 1995]
 
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D. Lenat (1995).
Cyc: a large-scale investment in knowledge infrastructure.
In: Communications of the ACM, 38(11).
[Lopez et al., 1999]
 
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M. F. Lopez and A. Gomez-Perez and J. P. Sierra and A. P. Sierra (1999).
Building a chemical ontology using Methontology and the Ontology Design Environment.
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