Look at a couple or more of these to answer the questions above...
The "Internet Grammar of English" | University College London | http://www.ucl.ac.uk/internet-grammar |
Hypergrammar | University of Ottawa | http://www.uottawa.ca/academic/arts/writcent/hypergrammar/ |
The "Guide to Grammar and Writing" | Capital Community College Hartford, Connecticut | http://www.ccc.commnet.edu/grammar |
The "English Language Center study zone" | University of Victoria, British Columbia | http://web2.uvcs.uvic.ca/elc/studyzone/grammar.htm |
Complex sentences help | University of Chicago | http://writing-program.uchicago.edu/resources/complex-sentences.htm |
The "Grammar Handbook" | University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign | http://www.english.uiuc.edu/cws/wworkshop/grammar_handbook.htm |
"Just English" | http://www.justenglish.dk/second/uk/grammar.htm | |
The "Online English Grammar" | http://www.edufind.com/english/grammar/toc.cfm |
Visual Interactive Syntax Learning |
and in particular: http://visl.hum.ou.dk/visl/en/parsing/nonautomatic/treebank.php |